1/2/2024 0 Comments Using track starting blocks![]() ![]() ![]() These inconsistencies may be accounted for by different study designs, methods, technologies of measure (e.g., external reaction forces under or on the blocks), statistical analyses, or more importantly, the ambiguity between samples of sprinters with different performance levels (e.g., elite, sub-elite, well-trained or trained) and/or between-group analyses based on the overall 100 m performance (i.e., personal best at 100 m-PB100m), and not on block performance. However, the concepts, outcomes, and findings between studies are sometimes inconsistent and difficult to interpret and conclude from. For this reason, several technical (kinematic) and dynamic (kinetic) aspects are currently identified as determinant factors for starting block phase and initial sprint acceleration performances. ![]() Given the importance of the sprint start, a new body of research has emerged in the past two decades that involved advanced technologies, high-precision methods, and sprinters of a higher performance level. In this type of event, the block start performance and the subsequent first two steps can be of critical importance since they have a direct influence on the overall 100 m time. The 100 m race is perhaps the highlight of the Olympic Games, as it defines who is the fastest man and woman in the world. Future research should focus on upper limbs behavior and on the analysis of the training drills used to improve starting performance. This systematic review emphasizes important findings and recommendations that may be relevant for researchers and coaches. After block exiting, shorter flight times and greater propulsive forces are the main features of best sprinters. At the push-off, a rapid extension of both hips and greater force production seems to be important. In the “Set” position, an anthropometry-driven block setting facilitating the hip extension and a rear leg contribution should be encouraged. Several biomechanical determinants of sprinters have been identified. Thirty-six full-text articles were reviewed. Studies reporting biomechanical analysis of the block start and/or first two steps, with track and field sprinters and reporting PB100m were sought for inclusion and analysis. The keywords “Block Start”, “Track and Field”, “Sprint Running”, and “Kinetics and Kinematics” were paired with all possible combinations. A systematic search of relevant English-language articles was performed on three scientific databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) to identify peer-reviewed articles published until June 2021. This Systematic Review aims to identify biomechanical factors of critical importance to the block start and subsequent first two steps performance. In athletics sprint events, the block start performance can be fundamental to the outcome of a race. ![]()
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